THE CENTRAL DIVISION - NATIONAL SKI PATROL

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Outdoor Emergency Transportation (OET)

Tracy Buchanan
Tracy Buchanan OET Program Supervisor
(303) 703-3431 tracybuchanan928@gmail.com oet@nspcd.org

Brian Monroe (Assistant)
(330) 620-4213
bmonroe255@gmail.com

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The OET Program is a cornerstone of the National Ski Patrol (NSP), designed to train ski patrollers in safe travel, rescue toboggan operation, and ski area support, including in backcountry and off-piste settings. This program is crucial for fulfilling the NSP’s mission to provide top-quality education and training, ensuring the safety of individuals engaging in outdoor activities.

Program Structure

  • Courses and Workshops: The OET Program consists of 11 different courses, clinics, and workshops that focus on general toboggan training skills across alpine skiing, telemark skiing, and snowboarding disciplines.
  • Instruction: Courses are typically taught by ski area patrol representatives in cooperation with local hill management. Instruction takes place in both classroom settings and on-snow practical sessions.
  • Class Size and Ratios: The recommended instructor-to-student ratio typically ranges from 1:4 to 1:7, depending on the course and resources available. Class sizes are limited by the number of toboggans, available instructors, and local area policies.

Key Courses and Workshops

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PAT – Intro to Patrolling

Objective: This course introduces candidates to the essential skiing/snowboarding and toboggan handling skills required for alpine patrolling.

Content: It covers the fundamental skills necessary for safe and efficient rescue toboggan operation, including edging, rotation, pressure, and balance. The course also addresses risk management, scene management, the Incident Command System, and the role of the volunteer patroller.

Prerequisites: Open to all qualified patrollers. No specific prerequisites are required.

Structure: Held on the slopes of local ski areas, with class sizes limited to available equipment and instructors. The course is pass/fail based on practical evaluations.

OETS – Outdoor Emergency Transportation Skills

Objective: This course provides general training for patrollers of all skill levels, covering various aspects of toboggan handling and skiing/riding proficiency.

Content: Emphasizes developing key skiing/riding skills and their application to safe toboggan handling.

Prerequisites: Open to all NSP members. Participants should be familiar with basic skiing or snowboarding techniques.

Structure: Combines classroom instruction with on-hill practical sessions, focusing on skill development and application.

TREF – Toboggan Refresher

Objective: A mandatory annual course designed to refresh and recalibrate toboggan handling skills for all patrollers who may need to transport patients.

Content: Focuses on reinforcing the fundamental skills required for toboggan operations, including safe handling techniques, balancing, and braking on varied terrain.

Prerequisites: Participants must be credentialed, current alpine/Nordic patrollers. They should have completed previous OET training and be familiar with the basic toboggan handling procedures.

Structure: Conducted on the hill during business hours, with patrollers grouped for focused training. Completion is required early in the season.

SATE – Senior Alpine Toboggan Evaluation

Objective: Evaluates Senior Alpine candidates’ advanced toboggan handling skills on difficult and most difficult terrains.

Content: Candidates demonstrate proficiency in operating both loaded and unloaded toboggans from the front and rear positions. The evaluation includes navigating steep, groomed, and moguled slopes.

Prerequisites: Candidates must be enrolled in the Senior Alpine Program and recommended for evaluation by their patrol representatives or Senior Alpine Program coordinators. They must also have completed Division-specific skill sign-offs.

Structure: This on-snow evaluation is designed to test skills in real-world conditions. Multiple evaluators observe candidates to ensure they meet senior-level standards.

SAEE – Senior Alpine Skiing/Riding Evaluation

Objective: Provides an opportunity for Senior Alpine candidates to demonstrate their skiing/riding proficiency, focusing on contemporary techniques across various terrains.

Content: Evaluations include performing a variety of turn sizes on groomed, steep, and ungroomed slopes, along with carrying equipment on Senior-level terrain.

Prerequisites: Candidates must have completed the necessary skills sign-offs in the Senior Alpine Program and be recommended for evaluation by their patrol representative or coordinator.

Structure: Held on-snow, this evaluation assesses candidates under the observation of certified evaluators. The goal is to confirm their readiness for senior-level responsibilities.

TTW – Toboggan Trainers Workshop

Objective: Designed to enhance the skills of current and aspiring toboggan trainers, focusing on the safe and efficient handling of rescue toboggans.

Content: Provides an in-depth review and guided practice of toboggan handling procedures, emphasizing the development of training techniques for new instructors.

Prerequisites: Open to current or aspiring toboggan instructors. Participants should be familiar with basic toboggan handling and have a desire to train others.

Structure: The workshop includes both classroom instruction and on-hill practical sessions, with a recommended 1:4 instructor-to-student ratio.

SES – SnowSports Enhancement Seminar

Objective: Aims to improve the skiing/riding skills of NSP members through guided practice and instruction using PSIA/AASI methodologies.

Content: Tailored to the needs of participants, this seminar covers the fundamentals of skiing/riding, including balance, edging, and pressure control. The course content is adaptable to different patroller groups.

Prerequisites: Participants need to be currently registered NSP members in good standing. Non-hill qualified NSP patrollers may participate, subject to event structure and host patrol policies.

Structure: Conducted primarily on the slopes, with class sizes generally capped at 10 participants per instructor. The seminar is not pass/fail but focuses on skill development.

STW – SnowSport Trainers Workshop

Objective: Enhances the teaching, assessment, and coaching skills of NSP SnowSport instructors, trainers, and evaluators.

Content: Focuses on the analysis of skiing/riding skills, development of prescriptive exercises, and application of these exercises to improve instruction and evaluation techniques. The workshop uses current PSIA/AASI methodologies.

Prerequisites: Open to current or aspiring ski, telemark, and snowboard instructors, trainers, and evaluators. Participants should have basic instruction skills and be approved by the Division OET Supervisor.

Structure: Includes classroom sessions and on-hill practice, with recommended instructor-to-student ratios of 1:4 to 1:7.

Program Objectives Across Courses

  • Skill Development: The primary objective is to ensure patrollers develop and maintain proficiency in skiing, riding, and toboggan handling, enabling them to perform their duties safely and effectively.
  • Professional Image: Courses aim to improve the patroller’s image within the ski industry by enhancing their overall skiing/riding and transportation abilities.
  • Ongoing Education: Many of these courses serve as continuing education, reinforcing skills and ensuring that patrollers stay current with best practices.



Instructor and Participant Requirements

  • Instructor Credentials: Instructors typically need to hold advanced certifications, such as PSIA Level III or AASI Level II, and must be approved by the Division OET Supervisor. They are responsible for providing high-quality instruction and ensuring that all participants receive consistent and accurate information.
  • Participant Requirements: Participants must be registered NSP members in good standing. Specific courses may require additional prerequisites, such as completion of prior training, skill sign-offs, or recommendations from patrol representatives.



Resources and Reporting

  • Resources Required: Courses often require collaboration with local ski area management for access to suitable terrain and equipment. Proper planning is essential to ensure adequate staffing and equipment availability.
  • Reporting: Instructors are responsible for registering courses, maintaining accurate records, and submitting completion reports to the NSP national office within specified timeframes.

OET Videos

5 Videos

Additional videos have been published in the Central Division Video Library.